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''Novum Testamentum Graece'' is the Latin name of an original Greek-language version of the New Testament. The first printed edition was the Complutensian Polyglot Bible by Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, printed in 1514, but not published until 1520. The first published edition of the Greek New Testament was produced by Desiderius Erasmus in 1516. Today the designation ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' normally refers to the Nestle-Aland editions, named after the scholars who led the critical editing work. The text, edited by the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung (Institute for New Testament Textual Research) is currently in its 28th edition, abbreviated NA28. The Nestle-Aland text is the primary source for most contemporary New Testament translations, although most are translations of the edition that was available at the time of translation. The Nestle-Aland text is also the standard for academic work in New Testament studies. The title ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' can also be applied to the United Bible Societies (UBS) edition which contains the same base text (the latest UBS 5th ed contains the text from the NA28). The primary difference between the Nestle-Aland and UBS editions is that the latter is aimed at translators and so focuses on variants that are important for the meaning whereas the former is aimed at textual critics and other scholars and so includes the relevant variants for that purpose. == Methodology == The Greek text as presented is what biblical scholars refer to as the "critical text". The critical text is an eclectic text compiled by a committee that examines a large number of manuscripts in order to determine which reading is most likely to be closest to the original. They use a number of factors to help determine probable readings, such as the date of the witness (earlier is usually better), the geographical distribution of a reading, and the likelihood of accidental or intentional corruptions. In the book, a large number of textual variants, or differences between manuscripts, are noted in the critical apparatus—the extensive footnotes that distinguish the ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' from other Greek New Testaments. Most scholars view uncial text as the most accurate; however, a few authors, such as New Testament scholar Maurice A. Robinson〔Robinson, Maurice A. and William G. Pierpont (2005). ''The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform''. Southborough: Chilton.〕 and linguist Wilbur Pickering,〔Pickering, Wilbur (2012). ''The Identity of the New Testament Text III''. Eugene: Wipf and Stock.〕 Arthur Farstad and Zane C. Hodges claim that the minuscule texts (the Byzantine text-type) more accurately reflect the "autographs" or original texts than an eclectic text like NA28 that relies heavily on manuscripts of the Alexandrian text-type. This view has been criticized by Gordon Fee〔Fee, Gordon (1979). "A Critique of W. N. Pickering's The Identity of the New Testament Text" ''Westminster Theological Journal'', 41. 397-423.〕 and Bruce Metzger〔Metzger, Bruce (1992). ''The Text of the New Testament''. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. 290-293.〕 among others. Since the majority of old manuscripts in existence are minuscules, they are often referred to as the Majority Text. It is worth noting, though, that the Majority Text as a whole is classified by the editors of the NA28 (of whom Metzger is one) as a "consistently cited witness of the first order," meaning that whenever the text presented differs from the majority text this is recorded in the apparatus along with the alternate reading.〔''Novum Testamentum Graece'' (1993) Barbara and Kurt Aland, eds. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 12 *.〕 Other consistently cited references include the full corpus of papyri manuscripts available to the authors as well as a wide range of other manuscripts including a selection of both minuscules and uncials.〔 The ''Novum Testamentum Graece'' apparatus summarizes the evidence (from manuscripts and versions) for, and sometimes against, a selection of the most important variants for the study of the text of the New Testament. While eschewing completeness (in the range of variants and in the citation of witnesses), this edition does provide informed readers with a basis by which they can judge for themselves which readings more accurately reflect the originals. The Greek text of the 28th edition is the same as that of the 5th edition of the United Bible Societies ''The Greek New Testament'' (abbreviated UBS5) although there are a few differences between them in paragraphing, capitalization, punctuation and spelling.〔Elliott, J. K. (1996). "A Comparison of Two Recent Greek New Testaments", The Expository Times, Volume 107, Number 4, pages 105-106.〕 The critical apparatus is different in the two editions; the UBS4 edition is prepared for the use of translators, and includes fewer textual variants, but adds extra material helpful for translators. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Novum Testamentum Graece」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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